EU Capital Market Fragmentation and 'Gold Plating' Stifle Investment, Repayments to 2028

European capital market competitiveness is undermined by regulatory fragmentation and 'gold plating'—over-implementation of EU rules—which delays investment and extends recovery plan repayments to 2028, costing up to €30 billion annually. The discussion highlights structural inefficiencies in the EU's investment environment, though specific policy responses remain unclear. This matters as it signals persistent barriers to capital mobility and growth in Europe.

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