MI5 chief: Russia top aggressor; UK threat funding exceeds Cold War levels

MI5 Director General Ken McCallum stated that Russia remains the primary aggressor against Western countries, using tactics that stop short of open conflict. He noted a fourfold increase in state-based threats to the UK over the past decade and that Britain now allocates more funds to counter these threats than during the Cold War. The remarks signal an elevated threat perception and likely drive further UK security spending.