Persistence of subterranean 'zombie fires' poses long-term wildfire risk in Europe

Subterranean fires, known as 'zombie fires,' are increasingly challenging European firefighting efforts by smoldering deep within soil for extended periods. These fires are difficult to detect and extinguish using conventional methods, creating persistent hazards that can reignite long after initial suppression. The extent of their impact on regional forest management and carbon sequestration remains uncertain.