AI infrastructure buildout to require $10.3T through 2032, 3.6% of GDP annually

New research presented at Brookings estimates $10.3 trillion in AI infrastructure investment through 2032, equivalent to 3.6% of GDP per year, surpassing historical U.S. investment booms. The scale exceeds the financing capacity of major tech firms, creating trillions in external capital demand and associated risks. The analysis highlights a structural shift in capital allocation, with implications for markets and economic growth.