AI progress constrained by debt markets, chip fabs, power grids, parliaments, geopolitics

An opinion piece argues that AI's trajectory will be shaped by five non-lab factors: debt markets, chip manufacturing, power grids, legislative action, and geopolitics. This is a strategic framing rather than a discrete event, highlighting systemic dependencies that could slow AI deployment. The piece signals growing recognition that AI's bottleneck is infrastructure and policy, not just algorithmic innovation.

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