Brazil STF rules urgent protective measures under Maria da Penha Law do not require prior complaint

Brazil's Supreme Federal Court unanimously established binding precedent (Topic 1.412) that urgent protective measures for women under the Maria da Penha Law do not depend on prior criminal complaint or existing domestic relationship. This expands legal access to protection for victims of gender violence, potentially increasing demand on judicial and police systems. The ruling clarifies legal uncertainty and strengthens enforcement of existing law.