PISA 2025 data shows family background drives school performance gaps

An analysis of PISA 2025 data by 'EF' reveals that home book availability and family educational expectations correlate with tens of points in science, math, and reading scores, even within the same school sector. This suggests that public-private school performance gaps are partly explained by socioeconomic factors, not just school quality. The finding is based on correlational data and does not establish causation.

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