Poland: Constitutional Tribunal blockade turns violent as president refuses judicial oath

A standoff over the Polish Constitutional Tribunal escalated into open clashes on October 30, after President Karol Nawrocki refused to administer oaths to judges elected by the Sejm. The dispute, rooted in a political battle over judicial appointments, shows no sign of compromise a year before legislative elections. The confrontation underscores deepening institutional polarization in Poland.

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