EU customs union modernized: new agency, e-commerce rules take effect

The EU has enacted a major modernization of its customs union, introducing a new EU customs agency and three key changes for online trade to streamline and secure cross-border flows. The reforms aim to reduce friction for legitimate traders while tightening oversight of e-commerce, though implementation details and operational impact remain to be seen. This matters as it could alter trade compliance costs and supply-chain dynamics for EU-bound goods.