COP31 opens in Turkey amid 1.5C breach, climate finance and fossil fuel rifts

COP31 begins in Turkey with global temperatures already exceeding the 1.5C threshold, sharpening the divide between developing nations demanding climate finance and fossil-fuel-dependent states resisting phase-out commitments. The US delegation will attend but not negotiate, signaling reduced engagement. The outcome will shape the pace of global energy transition and climate policy credibility.

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