European intel chiefs warn Russia may test NATO Article 5 via hybrid attacks

Three European intelligence chiefs, including Czech BIS head Michal Koudelka, assess that Russia will likely conduct small-scale hybrid attacks on NATO territory within months to probe Article 5 credibility. The assessment is based on intelligence reporting and is deliberately vague on scale or timing, reflecting uncertainty. This signals an elevated risk of gray-zone aggression against NATO members, potentially testing alliance cohesion and response protocols.