Persian Gulf Disruption Spurs $330B Import Bill, Pipeline Investment Rush

War between US/Israel and Iran has severely disrupted Persian Gulf oil and gas flows, inflating global energy import bills by $330 billion over six months. In response, energy-importing nations are accelerating investment in alternative pipeline and port infrastructure to bypass the Strait of Hormuz. The shift signals a structural re-routing of Middle East energy supply, with long-term implications for tanker demand and regional geopolitics.