Poland fines Biedronka, 29 transport firms $145M for labor-market collusion

Poland's UOKiK imposed fines exceeding 570 million zloty (~$145M) on Biedronka's owner, 29 transport companies, and eight individuals for colluding to limit competition in the labor market. This is a first-of-its-kind enforcement action targeting wage-fixing and no-poach agreements in Poland, signaling heightened antitrust scrutiny of labor practices. The fines are significant but represent a fraction of the companies' revenues; appeals are likely.